Cornmint Terpenoid Biosynthesis

Outline of terpenoid essential oil biosynthesis in cornmint (Mentha arvensis) (only major products shown)

Cornmint terpenoid biosynthesis pathway

Gene/enzyme annotation for terpenoid essential oil biosynthesis in cornmint:
  Annotation Comments Gene Protein
(1) Geranyl diphosphate synthase; Dimethylallyltranstransferase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see peppermint EF426462(small subunit); EF426461(large subunit);
not functionally characterized		 see peppermint
(2) (2E,6E)-Farnesyl diphosphate synthase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see peppermint    
(3) Terpinen-4-ol synthase Not yet characterized    
(4) α-Terpineol synthase Not yet characterized    
(5) Germacrene D synthase Not yet characterized    
(6) (-)-(4S)-Limonene synthase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see spearmint; Myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene are side products of spearmint limonene synthase catalysis; EF426463
not functionally characterized		 see peppermint
(7) (-)-4S-Limonene-3-hydroxylase; (S)-Limonene 3-monooxygenase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see peppermint EF546776
not functionally characterized		 see peppermint
(8) (-)-Isopiperitenol dehydrogenase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see peppermint AY641428
not functionally characterized		 see peppermint
(9) (-)-Isopiperitenone reductase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see peppermint. We hypothesize that the enzyme in cornmint is bifunctional and catalyzes the conversion of both (-)-isopiperitenone to (+)-isopulegone and (-)-isopiperitenol to (-)-isopulegol AY300162
not functionally characterized		 see peppermint
(10) (+)-cis-Isopulegone isomerase Enzyme activity demonstrated in crude peppermint extracts. We hypothesize that the enzyme in cornmint is bifunctional and catalyzes the conversion of both (+)-isopulegone to (+)-pulegone and (-)-isopiperitenone to piperitone    
(11) (+)-Pulegone reductase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see peppermint. We hypothesize that the enzyme in cornmint is multifunctional and catalyzes the conversion of (1) (+)-pulegone to (-)-menthone, (2) (+)-pulegone to (+)-isomenthone) and (3) piperitone to (-)-piperitone EF426467
not functionally characterized		 see peppermint
(12) (-)-Menthone:(-)-(3R)-menthol reductase; (-)-Menthol dehydrogenase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see peppermint    
(13) (-)-Menthone:(+)-(3S)-neomenthol reductase; (+)-Neomenthol dehydrogenase Not characterized from cornmint; For more information see peppermint    
References (reviews):

Croteau et al. (2005) Naturwissenschaften 92, 562-577.
Lange et al. (2014), in press.

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